《Python 验证码识别：用 Pillow+Tesseract 破解图形验证码》（223）
# 《Python 验证码识别：用 Pillow+Tesseract 破解图形验证码》 🔍🐍
在当今互联网时代，验证码是网站防止机器人滥用的重要手段之一。然而，对于开发者而言，有时需要自动化处理这些验证码。本文将介绍如何使用Python的Pillow库和Tesseract OCR引擎来识别简单的图形验证码。🚀
## 工具准备 🛠️
首先需要安装必要的库：
```python
pip install pillow pytesseract
```
同时需要安装Tesseract OCR引擎（Windows用户可通过安装包，Linux用户可通过包管理器安装）。📦
## 图像预处理 ✨
验证码识别前通常需要进行图像处理以提高识别率：
```python
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
# 打开验证码图片
image = Image.open('captcha.png')
# 转换为灰度图
image = image.convert('L')
# 二值化处理
image = image.point(lambda x: 255 if x > 150 else 0)
# 去除噪点
image = image.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter())
```
## 使用Tesseract识别 🔤
预处理后的图像可以交给Tesseract进行识别：
```python
import pytesseract
# 设置Tesseract路径（根据实际安装位置）
pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = r'C:\\Program Files\\Tesseract-OCR\\tesseract.exe'
# 识别文本
text = pytesseract.image_to_string(image, config='--psm 8')
print("识别结果:", text)
```
## 注意事项 ⚠️
1. 这种方法仅适用于简单的验证码
2. 复杂验证码可能需要机器学习方法
3. 请遵守网站使用条款，勿用于非法用途
通过Pillow+Tesseract的组合，我们可以轻松应对一些基础验证码识别需求，为自动化测试等场景提供便利。💻🔓 当然，随着验证码技术的进步，更复杂的验证码可能需要更高级的解决方案。
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