顺序栈：原理、实现与应用详解

顺序栈的基本概念

顺序栈是基于数组实现的栈结构，通过数组的连续存储空间和指针（栈顶指针）动态管理数据。栈遵循后进先出（LIFO）原则，仅允许在栈顶进行插入（入栈）和删除（出栈）操作。

顺序栈的存储结构

顺序栈通常包含以下组成部分：

存储数组：用于存放栈元素的连续空间，如 int data[MAXSIZE]。
栈顶指针：记录当前栈顶位置的变量，通常为整型（如 int top），初始化为 -1 表示空栈。

#define MAXSIZE 100
typedef struct {
    int data[MAXSIZE];
    int top; // 栈顶指针
} SeqStack;

初始化顺序栈

初始化操作将栈顶指针设为 -1，表示栈为空：

void InitStack(SeqStack *S) {
    S->top = -1;
}

判断栈空与栈满

栈空：栈顶指针 top == -1。
栈满：栈顶指针 top == MAXSIZE - 1。

int IsEmpty(SeqStack *S) {
    return S->top == -1;
}

int IsFull(SeqStack *S) {
    return S->top == MAXSIZE - 1;
}

入栈操作（Push）

入栈前需检查栈是否已满。若未满，栈顶指针先增1，再将元素存入栈顶位置：

int Push(SeqStack *S, int value) {
    if (IsFull(S)) {
        return 0; // 栈满，入栈失败
    }
    S->data[++S->top] = value;
    return 1;
}

出栈操作（Pop）

出栈前需检查栈是否为空。若不为空，返回栈顶元素，栈顶指针减1：

int Pop(SeqStack *S, int *value) {
    if (IsEmpty(S)) {
        return 0; // 栈空，出栈失败
    }
    *value = S->data[S->top--];
    return 1;
}

获取栈顶元素（Peek）

获取栈顶元素但不修改栈顶指针：

int Peek(SeqStack *S, int *value) {
    if (IsEmpty(S)) {
        return 0; // 栈空，操作失败
    }
    *value = S->data[S->top];
    return 1;
}

顺序栈的优缺点

优点：
- 实现简单，存取速度快（时间复杂度为 $O(1)$）。
- 无需额外存储指针，空间利用率高。
缺点：
- 容量固定，易发生栈溢出。
- 扩容需重新分配数组，效率较低。

应用场景

顺序栈适用于：

表达式求值（如后缀表达式）。
函数调用栈的模拟。
括号匹配等需要回溯的场景。

以上内容涵盖了顺序栈的核心操作及实现细节，代码示例采用C语言，逻辑可直接应用于实际开发。

BbS.okapop001.sbs/PoSt/1122_477371.HtM
BbS.okapop002.sbs/PoSt/1122_562800.HtM
BbS.okapop003.sbs/PoSt/1122_627170.HtM
BbS.okapop004.sbs/PoSt/1122_418760.HtM
BbS.okapop005.sbs/PoSt/1122_159678.HtM
BbS.okapop006.sbs/PoSt/1122_344539.HtM
BbS.okapop007.sbs/PoSt/1122_137406.HtM
BbS.okapop008.sbs/PoSt/1122_442314.HtM
BbS.okapop009.sbs/PoSt/1122_712420.HtM
BbS.okapop010.sbs/PoSt/1122_755375.HtM
BbS.okapop001.sbs/PoSt/1122_703797.HtM
BbS.okapop002.sbs/PoSt/1122_840030.HtM
BbS.okapop003.sbs/PoSt/1122_329343.HtM
BbS.okapop004.sbs/PoSt/1122_631374.HtM
BbS.okapop005.sbs/PoSt/1122_588497.HtM
BbS.okapop006.sbs/PoSt/1122_170098.HtM
BbS.okapop007.sbs/PoSt/1122_941459.HtM
BbS.okapop008.sbs/PoSt/1122_841597.HtM
BbS.okapop009.sbs/PoSt/1122_572497.HtM
BbS.okapop010.sbs/PoSt/1122_319828.HtM
BbS.okapop011.sbs/PoSt/1122_628316.HtM
BbS.okapop012.sbs/PoSt/1122_711537.HtM
BbS.okapop013.sbs/PoSt/1122_684910.HtM
BbS.okapop014.sbs/PoSt/1122_030630.HtM
BbS.okapop015.sbs/PoSt/1122_073597.HtM
BbS.okapop016.sbs/PoSt/1122_612182.HtM
BbS.okapop017.sbs/PoSt/1122_348129.HtM
BbS.okapop018.sbs/PoSt/1122_251602.HtM
BbS.okapop019.sbs/PoSt/1122_737950.HtM
BbS.okapop020.sbs/PoSt/1122_516843.HtM
BbS.okapop011.sbs/PoSt/1122_254759.HtM
BbS.okapop012.sbs/PoSt/1122_029259.HtM
BbS.okapop013.sbs/PoSt/1122_139845.HtM
BbS.okapop014.sbs/PoSt/1122_259921.HtM
BbS.okapop015.sbs/PoSt/1122_867187.HtM
BbS.okapop016.sbs/PoSt/1122_422178.HtM
BbS.okapop017.sbs/PoSt/1122_238268.HtM
BbS.okapop018.sbs/PoSt/1122_498579.HtM
BbS.okapop019.sbs/PoSt/1122_203261.HtM
BbS.okapop020.sbs/PoSt/1122_993764.HtM
BbS.okapop011.sbs/PoSt/1122_656855.HtM
BbS.okapop012.sbs/PoSt/1122_965136.HtM
BbS.okapop013.sbs/PoSt/1122_996596.HtM
BbS.okapop014.sbs/PoSt/1122_010887.HtM
BbS.okapop015.sbs/PoSt/1122_420174.HtM
BbS.okapop016.sbs/PoSt/1122_244532.HtM
BbS.okapop017.sbs/PoSt/1122_069706.HtM
BbS.okapop018.sbs/PoSt/1122_889206.HtM
BbS.okapop019.sbs/PoSt/1122_850661.HtM
BbS.okapop020.sbs/PoSt/1122_360341.HtM
BbS.okapop011.sbs/PoSt/1122_128110.HtM
BbS.okapop012.sbs/PoSt/1122_769269.HtM
BbS.okapop013.sbs/PoSt/1122_201875.HtM
BbS.okapop014.sbs/PoSt/1122_279365.HtM
BbS.okapop015.sbs/PoSt/1122_605797.HtM
BbS.okapop016.sbs/PoSt/1122_917615.HtM
BbS.okapop017.sbs/PoSt/1122_192948.HtM
BbS.okapop018.sbs/PoSt/1122_082899.HtM
BbS.okapop019.sbs/PoSt/1122_511265.HtM
BbS.okapop020.sbs/PoSt/1122_626346.HtM
BbS.okapop011.sbs/PoSt/1122_430359.HtM
BbS.okapop012.sbs/PoSt/1122_975477.HtM
BbS.okapop013.sbs/PoSt/1122_194704.HtM
BbS.okapop014.sbs/PoSt/1122_031660.HtM
BbS.okapop015.sbs/PoSt/1122_782357.HtM
BbS.okapop016.sbs/PoSt/1122_309807.HtM
BbS.okapop017.sbs/PoSt/1122_505510.HtM
BbS.okapop018.sbs/PoSt/1122_515084.HtM
BbS.okapop019.sbs/PoSt/1122_057302.HtM
BbS.okapop020.sbs/PoSt/1122_955186.HtM
BbS.okapop011.sbs/PoSt/1122_343516.HtM
BbS.okapop012.sbs/PoSt/1122_200616.HtM
BbS.okapop013.sbs/PoSt/1122_587076.HtM
BbS.okapop014.sbs/PoSt/1122_146698.HtM
BbS.okapop015.sbs/PoSt/1122_006375.HtM
BbS.okapop016.sbs/PoSt/1122_594769.HtM
BbS.okapop017.sbs/PoSt/1122_160023.HtM
BbS.okapop018.sbs/PoSt/1122_876348.HtM
BbS.okapop019.sbs/PoSt/1122_314460.HtM
BbS.okapop020.sbs/PoSt/1122_829388.HtM