Python实用小工具开发指南

三个小工具的编写（2）：实用工具的实现与优化

本文将深入探讨三个实用小工具的编写方法，涵盖文本处理、数据转换和系统监控功能。这些工具基于Python语言实现，具有轻量级、高效率的特点，适合日常开发使用。

文本批量替换工具

文本批量替换工具能够快速处理多个文件中的字符串替换任务。通过正则表达式支持，可以实现复杂的模式匹配。

核心功能包括递归目录扫描、多文件编码自动识别、替换进度显示。实现时需要注意文件句柄的正确释放和异常处理。

import os
import re
from chardet import detect

def batch_replace(root_dir, pattern, repl):
    for root, _, files in os.walk(root_dir):
        for file in files:
            filepath = os.path.join(root, file)
            with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
                content = f.read()
                encoding = detect(content)['encoding']
            
            with open(filepath, 'r', encoding=encoding) as f:
                text = f.read()
            
            new_text = re.sub(pattern, repl, text)
            with open(filepath, 'w', encoding=encoding) as f:
                f.write(new_text)

温度单位转换器

温度单位转换器实现了摄氏度、华氏度和开尔文之间的相互转换。工具采用面向对象设计，便于扩展新的温度单位。

转换公式如下：

摄氏度转华氏度：$F = C × \frac{9}{5} + 32$
华氏度转摄氏度：$C = (F - 32) × \frac{5}{9}$
摄氏度转开尔文：$K = C + 273.15$

class TemperatureConverter:
    @staticmethod
    def celsius_to_fahrenheit(c):
        return c * 9/5 + 32
    
    @staticmethod
    def fahrenheit_to_celsius(f):
        return (f - 32) * 5/9
    
    @staticmethod
    def celsius_to_kelvin(c):
        return c + 273.15
    
    @staticmethod
    def kelvin_to_celsius(k):
        return k - 273.15

系统资源监控工具

系统资源监控工具实时显示CPU、内存和磁盘使用情况，适用于服务器性能监控。采用psutil库跨平台支持Windows、Linux和macOS系统。

工具每5秒刷新一次数据，可通过阈值设置触发告警。历史数据可保存为CSV文件供后续分析。

import psutil
import time
import csv

def monitor_system(interval=5, log_file='system_log.csv'):
    with open(log_file, 'w', newline='') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(['Timestamp', 'CPU%', 'Memory%', 'Disk%'])
        
        while True:
            timestamp = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
            cpu = psutil.cpu_percent()
            memory = psutil.virtual_memory().percent
            disk = psutil.disk_usage('/').percent
            
            writer.writerow([timestamp, cpu, memory, disk])
            f.flush()
            time.sleep(interval)

性能优化建议

文本替换工具可采用多线程处理加快大批量文件操作速度。温度转换器可添加输入验证和异常处理增强健壮性。系统监控工具可改用更高效的数据结构减少内存占用。

对于生产环境使用，建议添加日志记录功能，便于问题排查。工具界面可进一步优化，提供命令行参数支持，增加使用灵活性。

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