Bash递归通配符**的妙用
shopt -s globstar 的作用
启用 globstar 选项后，Bash 允许使用 ** 进行递归通配符匹配。该模式会匹配当前目录及其所有子目录中的文件，类似于 find 命令的功能，但语法更简洁。
启用 globstar
在 Bash 脚本或交互式 shell 中启用该功能：
shopt -s globstar
禁用该功能：
shopt -u globstar
递归匹配示例
匹配当前目录及其子目录中所有 .txt 文件：
ls **/*.txt
查找特定深度的文件（例如两级子目录）：
ls **/**/*.txt
与 find 命令的对比
** 的优势在于语法简洁，但 find 提供更复杂的条件过滤（如按文件大小、时间等）。以下两种方式效果类似：
# 使用 globstar
echo **/*.txt
# 使用 find
find . -name "*.txt"
注意事项
** 不会匹配隐藏文件（以 . 开头的文件），除非显式指定：
shopt -s dotglob
echo **/.*
在大型目录结构中，** 可能导致性能问题，因 Bash 需要展开所有匹配路径。
实际应用案例
批量重命名子目录中的文件：
for file in **/*.bak; do
mv "$file" "${file%.bak}.backup"
done
统计所有 .py 文件的行数：
wc -l **/*.py
兼容性说明
globstar 是 Bash 4.0+ 的特性。检查 Bash 版本：
echo $BASH_VERSION
早期版本可通过 find 或外部工具（如 zsh 的递归通配符）实现类似功能。
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