【有书共读】《Spring源码深度解读》第五章bean的加载

对于加载bean的功能，在Spring中的调用方式为：MyTestBean bean = (MyTestBean)bf.getBean("myTestBean")。

这行代码在Spring中是这样实现的：

protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// Eagerly check singleton *** for manually registered singletons.
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.trace("Returning eagerly ***d instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.trace("Returning ***d instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
// We're assumably within a circular reference.
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
// Not found -> check parent.
String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
}
else if (args != null) {
// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
}
else if (requiredType != null) {
// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
}
else {
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);
}
}
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
try {
final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
if (dependsOn != null) {
for (String dep : dependsOn) {
if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
}
registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
try {
getBean(dep);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
}
}
}
// Create bean instance.
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton ***: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
Object prototypeInstance = null;
try {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else {
String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
if (scope == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
}
try {
Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
ex);
}
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
try {
T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
if (convertedBean == null) {
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
return convertedBean;
}
catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
}
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
}
return (T) bean;
}

对于Spring加载bean的过程，大致分为以下几步：

一、转换对应beanName：

这里传入的参数name不一定就是beanName，有可能是别名或FactoryBean，所以需要进行一系列的解析，这些解析内容包括如下内容：

1.去除FactoryBean的修饰符，也就是如果name=”&aa”，那么会首先去除&而使name=”aa”

2.取指定alias所表示的最终beanName，例如别名A指向名称为B的bean则返回B；若别名A指向别名B，别名B又指向名称为C的bean则返回C

二、尝试从缓存中加载单例：

单例在Spring的同一个容器内只会被创建一次，后续再获取bean，就直接从单例缓存中获取了。这里只是尝试加载，首先尝试从缓存中加载，如果加载不成功则再次尝试从singletonFactories中加载，因为在创建单例bean的时候会存在依赖注入的情况，而在创建依赖的时候为了避免循环依赖，在Spring中创建bean的原则是不等bean创建完成就会将创建bean的ObjectFactory提早曝光加入到缓存中，一旦下一个bean创建时候需要依赖上一个bean则直接使用ObjectFactory。

三、bean的实例化：

如果从缓存中得到了bean的原始状态，则需要对bean进行实例化，这里有必要强调一下，在缓存中记录的只是最原始的bean状态，并不一定是我们最终想要的bean

四、原型模式的依赖检查

只有在单例情况下才会尝试解决循环依赖，如果存在A中有B的属性，B中有A的属性，那么当依赖注入的时候，就会产生当A还未创建完的时候因为对于B的创建再次返回创建A，造成循环依赖，也就是情况：isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)判断true

五、检测parentBeanFactory

从代码上来看，如果缓存没有数据的话直接转到父类工厂上去加载，!this.containsBeanDefinition(beanName检测如果当前加载的XML配置文件中不包含beanName所对应的配置，就只能到parentBeanFactory去尝试，然后再去递归的调用getBean方法

六、将存储XML配置文件的GernericBeanDefinition转换为RootBeanDefinition：

因为从XML配置文件中读取到的Bean信息是存储在GernericBeanDefinition中的，但是所有的Bean后续处理都是针对于RootBeanDefinition的，所以这里需要进行一个转换，转换的同时如果父类bean不为空的话，则会一并合并父类属性

七、寻找依赖

因为bean的初始化过程很可能会用到某些属性，而某些属性很可能是动态配置的，并且配置成依赖于其他的bean，那么这个时候就有必要先加载依赖的bean，所以，在Spring的加载顺寻中，在初始化某一个bean的时候首先会初始化这个bean所对应的依赖

八、针对不同的scope进行bean的创建

在Spring中存在着不同的scope，其中默认的是singleton，但是还有些其他的配置诸如prototype、request之类的，在这个步骤中，Spring会根据不同的配置进行不同的初始化策略

九、类型转换

程序到这里返回bean后已经基本结束了，通常对该方法的调用参数requiredType是为空的，但是可能会存在这样的情况，返回的bean其实是个Spring，但是requiredType却传入Integer类型，那么这时候本步骤就会起作用了，它的功能是将返回的bean转换为requiredType所指定的类型，当然，Spring转换为Integer是最简单的一种转换，在Spring中提供了各种各样的转换器，用户也可以自己扩展转换器来满足需求。