Intercultural Communication

判断题

T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象， 跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。 然而， 作为一门学科， 它的历史只有大约五十年。

F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际作为一门学科首先在欧洲开始。

F 3 Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态的实体，而沟通是一个动态的过程。

T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为。

T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization), it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition. 认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性， 但仍有助于人的文化认知。

T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. 在跨文化交际中， 我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。

T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 文化错误比语言错误更严重。 语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达自己的想法， 而文化上的错误会导致严重的误解， 甚至个人之间的不适感。

F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture. 所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化

T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. 虽然两国文化有着相同的想法， 但它们的含义和意义可能不一样

F 10 One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture. 个人的行为完全独立于他或她的文化

T 1 All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly. 所有的文化都需要并重视礼貌，但实现礼貌的方式可能有很大不同。

T 2 Don’t take offence-getting the form of address ”wrong” is rarely intended to be offensive. 不要拿“错误”的形式来攻击， 这是很难得的进攻

T 3 Addressing forms like “Miss Mary”, ”Brown” by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise. 称呼如如“玛丽小姐”， “棕色”由中国可能是一种文化妥协的形式。

T 4 Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles. 上校， 上校， 上校， 可以用作头衔

F 5 Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A. Uncle means. 西方人能够理解警察叔叔和***叔叔的手段。

F 6 We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas. 我们可以称呼杰森道格拉斯， 他是个律师， 律师道格拉斯。

F 7 Chinese hospitality toward westerners is always greatly appreciated. 中国人对西方人的热情好客总是让人十分感激。

F 8 The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners. 中国人表示关切的方式通常受到西方人的赞赏。

F 9 ”Thank you for coming!” is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived. 谢谢你的到来！ “当客人刚到的时候， 这是西方主人使用的一种典型的表达形式。

T 10 ”I’m sorry to have wasted your time” or “I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time” are usually appropriate for the business visit. 我很抱歉浪费了你的时间”或者“我很抱歉占用了你这么多时间”， 通常都是适合商务拜访的。

T 1 Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments. 有时，中国人表示谦虚的方式可能被认为是在捞取赞美。

T 2 The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same. 汉语和英语的社会功能大致相同。

T 3 In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable. 在非正式场合，大量的赞美是让人感到舒服的

F 4 The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures. 恭维的文化假设在不同文化之间是相同的。

T 5 Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese. 形容词和动词常被用来传递英语中的恭维话， 而形容词、 副词和动词常被用在汉语里。

F 6 English compliments often begin with the word “you” while Chinese compliments often start with the word “I”.英语的赞美常以“你”一词开头， 而中国人的赞美常以“我”一词开头

F 7 Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans. 在日 常生活中， 中国人比美国人更为赞美。

F 8 Americans tend to be self-effacing in their compliments responses. 美国人往往自谦在称赞别人的反应。

F 9 Compliments on other’s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture. 对他人财物的赞美有时是美国文化中的一种间接的方式

T 10 If a guest compliments something in another person’s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest. 如果一个客人在别人家里赞美别人的话， 中国主人或女主人很可能会把这件事告诉客人。

F 1 Verbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication. 言语交际比非语言交际更为重要

F 2 “Dragon” means the same to the Westerner as “龙” to the Chinese. “龙”是指同为西方人的“龙”到中国。

F 3 The Chinese phrase “知识分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”. 中国“知识分子”具有相同的含义是“知识

T 4 A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language. 在一种语言中的一个术语在另一种语言中可能没有对等词

F 5 In referring to animals and birds, the Chinese practice is generally, but not always, to use “公” or “母” to show whether a creature is male or female. This is the same with the English language. 在谈到动物和鸟类， 中国的做法是通常， 但不总是， 用“公”或“母”来表明该生物是否是男性或女性。 这与英语是一样的。

T 6 The following six English words: “vice”, “associate”, “assistant”, “deputy”, “lieutenant” and “under” can all mean

“副” in Chinese language.

F 7 There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs. 英语谚语和汉语谚语之间有很多相似之处，也有很多不同之处。

T 8 Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo.违反文化禁忌与违反言语禁忌一样严重。

T 9 Patterns of thought vary with culture. 思维方式随文化而变化。

T 10 Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture, e.g. American culture is predominantly factual-inductive, Russian culture is predominantly axiomatic-deductive, and Arab cultures are predominately

intuitive-affective.特定的思维模式在每种文化中占主导地位，例如，美国文化以事实-归纳为主，俄罗斯文化以公理-归纳为主，而阿拉伯文化则以直觉-情感为主。

T 1 Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.说话只是沟通的一种方式。还有许多其他方式。

F 2 Some researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 70%of information is communicated through speaking, and over 30% is sent by nonverbal means.

T 3 Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers. 环境是非语言交际的五个研究领域之一

T 4 Much of our nonverbal behavior, like culture, tends to elusive, spontaneous and frequently goes beyond our awareness. 我们大部分的非语言行为， 如文化， 往往难以实现， 自发的， 往往超越我们的认识

F 5 Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures. 拉丁美洲， 非洲， 阿拉伯和大多数亚洲文化是单一的文化。

T 6 Arab belongs to tough cultures.

T 7 In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience. 在一些文化中， 为了表示尊重或服从， 应该避免使用目光接触。

T 8 The appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures. 身体接触的适宜性因不同的文化而不同

F 9 Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children. 西方妇女通常喜欢中国人接触他们的身体或小孩。

F 10 Seating arrangements reflect culture. Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them. 座位安排反映了文化。中国人倾向于与他们对面的人交谈，而不是与他们身边的人坐着或站着。

F 1 Gender is the cultural meaning of “sex”. 性别是“性”的文化内涵

F 2 Sex and gender are synonymous.

T 3 A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both. 一位女士可能是女性， 男性或两者的结合

T 4 Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others, while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure. 女性一般乐于建立密切的关系并向他人倾诉，而大多数男性则对参与和披露有所保留。

F 5 Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people. 大多数男人利用沟通来创造人与人之间的联系或平等。

F 6 Women usually use communication to establish status and power. 女性通常使用沟通来确立地位和权力

T 7 In feminine culture, communication is a way—probably the primary way—to express and expand closeness.在女性文化中， 传播是表达和扩大亲密关系的主要途径。

T 8 Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards action as primary ways to create and express closeness. 男性社会化强调做事情， 把行动视为创造和表达亲密的主要方式。

T 9 The first and last principle for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment. 有效的跨性别沟通的第一个和最后一个原则是暂停判断。

T 10 It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication.寻求有利于我们交流的翻译线索是困难的，但却是可能的。

T 1 The most common problems in cross-cultural negotiations concern (1) rules for conducting business, (2) the selection of negotiators, and (3) methods of decision-making. 跨文化谈判中最常见的问题涉及（1）开展业务的规则，（2）谈判者的选择，以及（3）决策的方法。

T 2 The Japanese believe that socializing is integral to the negotiation process while the Americans do not think so.日本人认为社交是谈判过程中不可或缺的，而美国人却不这么认为。

F 3 American negotiation team members are usually selected on the basis of their social and professional status.美国的谈判小组成员通常是根据他们的社会和职业地位来选择的。

F 4 Like Japanese and Chinese negotiators, a detailed written agreement is not central to the negotiation process in the Middle East, Mexico and France. 与日本和中国的谈判者一样，在中东、墨西哥和法国，详细的书面协议并不是谈判过程的核心。

T 5 The British employ a negotiating style similar to that of Americans, but more silence is utilized and they are less egalitarian. 英国人采用的谈判风格与美国人相似，但更多地利用沉默，而且他们的平等主义程度较低。

T 6 Germans prefer clear, firm, and assertive expression while the Japanese encourage convert, fragmented expression.德国人喜欢清晰、坚定、自信的表达，而日本人则鼓励转换、零散的表达。

T 7 Mexican negotiators prefer the deductive approach. More emphasis is placed on contemplation and intuition.墨西哥谈判者更喜欢演绎的方法。 更强调的是沉思和直觉。

F 8 The Brazilians do not openly disagree during formal negotiations; they would consider this insulting and embarrassing.巴西人不会在正式谈判中公开提出异议；他们会认为这是一种侮辱和尴尬。

T 9 Creating a comfortable climate and spending time on the exploratory phase of negotiations are crucial in Middle East and Brazil. 创造一个舒适的气候和花费时间在谈判的探索阶段是至关重要的中东和巴西。

F 10. Women are frequent participants on a Japanese negotiation team.

T 1 Due to the cultural differences, interpreting humor in intercultural encounters is possible but difficult. 由于文化上的差异，在跨文化接触中解释幽默是可能的，但却很困难。

T 2 Failure to understand humor is even common among native speakers.不理解幽默的情况在母语人士中甚至很常见。

F 3 Making new conversational rules is a step that could be omitted in interpreting intercultural humor. 制定新的对话规则是解释跨文化幽默时可以省略的一个步骤。

T 4 It is very important for nonnative speakers to learn to communicate incomprehension through idiomatic expressions as well as nonverbal gestures. 对于非母语人士来说，学会通过成语表达以及非语言手势来表达不理解是非常重要的。

T 5 Major premises are often missing in enthymeme.

T 6 Humor is an enthymematic form of persuasion. 幽默是说服力的一种形式。

F 7 Converting enthymeme into syllogism is not necessary for explaining humor.

T 8 We can help our partner understand humor by locating analogous contexts in his or her culture. 我们可以通过在他或她的文化中找到类似的语境来帮助我们的伙伴理解幽默。

T 9 By learning to articulate what we are used to but usually do not need to talk about, we begin to actively identify and articulate tacit cultural assumptions.

T 10 Humor is beyond language, and it takes us into the heart of cultural understanding.幽默是超越语言的，它将我们带入文化理解的核心。

F 1 The Eastern view of the universe is characteristically dualistic, materialistic, and lifeless while the Western view is profoundly holistic, dynamic, and spiritual.东方的宇宙观具有二元论、物质主义和无生命的特点，而西方的宇宙观则具有深刻的整体性、动态性和精神性。

T 2 The East and the West have different perceptions of cosmic patterns, resulting in different approaches to knowledge.东方和西方对宇宙模式有不同的认识，导致了不同的知识方法。

F 3 The Western view asserts that who we are is not limited to our physical existence, while the Eastern view - in which God, nature, and humans are distinctly differentiated - foster the development of autonomous individuals with strong ego identification. 西方的观点主张，我们是谁并不局限于我们的物质存在，而东方的观点--在这种观点中，上帝、自然和人类是截然不同的--促进了具有强烈自我认同的自主个体的发展。

T 4 The Western values, behavior, and institutions should not be substituted for their Eastern counterparts, and vice versa.西方的价值观、行为和制度不应取代东方的对应物，反之亦然。

T 5 The traditional Eastern practice of meditation is designed primarily for the purpose of moving one's consciousness from the determinate to the indeterminate, freer state. 东方传统的冥想练习主要是为了将人的意识从确定的状态转移到不确定的、更自由的状态。

F 6 Western culture tends to make us compassionate and flexible human beings.西方文化倾向于使我们成为富有同情心和灵活的人。

T 7 The Eastern view is conducive to the achievement of maximum integration with the universe. 东方的观点有利于实现与宇宙的最大融合。

T 8 Both rational and intuitive modes of experiencing life should be cultivated fully for both types of concepts are real, ultimate, and meaningful.理性和直觉的生活体验模式都应得到充分培养，因为这两种类型的概念都是真实的、终极的和有意义的。

T 9 The Eastern view would bring the Westerners a heightened awareness of the aliveness of the universe. 东方的观点会给西方人带来对宇宙的活力的高度认识。