Python轻松玩转Word和PPT

Python操作Word文件

Python可以使用python-docx库来操作Word文档。该库允许创建、修改和读取.docx文件。安装库可以通过以下命令完成：

pip install python-docx

创建一个新的Word文档并添加内容：

from docx import Document
doc = Document()
doc.add_heading('Python操作Word文档', level=1)
doc.add_paragraph('这是一个示例段落。')
doc.save('example.docx')

读取现有Word文档并提取内容：

doc = Document('example.docx')
for para in doc.paragraphs:
    print(para.text)

Python操作PowerPoint文件

对于PowerPoint文件操作，可以使用python-pptx库。安装命令如下：

pip install python-pptx

创建一个新的PowerPoint演示文稿：

from pptx import Presentation
prs = Presentation()
title_slide_layout = prs.slide_layouts[0]
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(title_slide_layout)
title = slide.shapes.title
subtitle = slide.placeholders[1]
title.text = "Python操作PPT"
subtitle.text = "示例演示"
prs.save('example.pptx')

读取现有PowerPoint文件：

prs = Presentation('example.pptx')
for slide in prs.slides:
    for shape in slide.shapes:
        if hasattr(shape, "text"):
            print(shape.text)

高级功能

Word文档中可以添加表格：

table = doc.add_table(rows=2, cols=2)
cell = table.cell(0, 1)
cell.text = '第一行第二列'

PowerPoint中可以添加图表：

from pptx.chart.data import ChartData
chart_data = ChartData()
chart_data.categories = ['Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3']
chart_data.add_series('Series 1', (19.2, 21.4, 16.7))
x, y, cx, cy = Inches(2), Inches(2), Inches(6), Inches(4.5)
slide.shapes.add_chart(
    XL_CHART_TYPE.COLUMN_CLUSTERED, x, y, cx, cy, chart_data
)

注意事项

操作Word文档时需要注意，python-docx只能处理.docx格式，无法处理旧的.doc格式。对于PowerPoint文件，python-pptx同样只能处理.pptx格式，不支持.ppt格式。

处理中文内容时，需要确保系统字体支持中文字符。可以在代码中指定中文字体：

from docx.shared import Pt
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
paragraph = doc.add_paragraph()
run = paragraph.add_run('中文字体示例')
run.font.name = '宋体'
run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')

对于批量处理文件，建议使用循环结构遍历文件夹中的所有文件。操作完成后记得调用save()方法保存更改。

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