Vue3+Three.js打造3D汽车定制系统
Vue3 + Three.js 实现 3D 汽车个性化定制及展示
技术选型与架构设计
Vue3 提供响应式数据管理和组件化开发能力，Three.js 负责 3D 渲染。采用组合式 API 实现状态与逻辑分离，通过 provide/inject 共享全局配置。架构分为三层：视图层（Vue组件）、逻辑层（Three.js 渲染控制）、数据层（Pinia/Vuex 状态管理）。
初始化 3D 场景
创建基础 Three.js 场景需要实例化核心对象：
import * as THREE from 'three';
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
document.getElementById('container').appendChild(renderer.domElement);
汽车模型加载与处理
使用 GLTFLoader 加载 3D 模型文件，建议将模型拆分为可替换部件（车身、轮毂、涂装等）：
import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader';
const loader = new GLTFLoader();
loader.load('car_model.glb', (gltf) => {
const car = gltf.scene;
car.traverse((child) => {
if (child.isMesh) {
child.castShadow = true;
child.material.metalness = 0.5;
}
});
scene.add(car);
});
材质与颜色定制系统
实现动态材质替换系统，通过 UV 贴图实现精细控制：
const changeColor = (meshName, hexColor) => {
const carPart = scene.getObjectByName(meshName);
if (carPart) {
carPart.material.color.setHex(hexColor);
}
};
// 在 Vue 组件中绑定颜色选择器
<color-picker @change="(color) => changeColor('body', color)" />
交互控制系统
添加轨道控制器实现模型旋转观察，处理部件选择事件：
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls';
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
controls.enableDamping = true;
// 射线检测实现部件选择
const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
window.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
const mouse = new THREE.Vector2(
(event.clientX / window.innerWidth) * 2 - 1,
-(event.clientY / window.innerHeight) * 2 + 1
);
raycaster.setFromCamera(mouse, camera);
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects(scene.children, true);
if (intersects.length > 0) {
emit('part-selected', intersects[0].object.name);
}
});
性能优化策略
- 使用
THREE.BufferGeometry合并相似部件 - 实现按需渲染（
renderer.setAnimationLoop替代持续渲染） - 添加 LOD（Level of Detail）控制：
const lod = new THREE.LOD();
lod.addLevel(highDetailModel, 50);
lod.addLevel(mediumDetailModel, 100);
lod.addLevel(lowDetailModel, 200);
光照与环境设置
配置物理正确的光照系统增强真实感：
const envLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040);
const dirLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1);
dirLight.position.set(5, 10, 7);
dirLight.castShadow = true;
const envMap = new THREE.CubeTextureLoader()
.setPath('textures/env/')
.load(['px.jpg', 'nx.jpg', 'py.jpg', 'ny.jpg', 'pz.jpg', 'nz.jpg']);
scene.environment = envMap;
Vue 集成方案
通过自定义 Hook 封装 Three.js 逻辑：
// useCarViewer.js
export default function useCarViewer(containerRef) {
const scene = ref(null);
onMounted(() => {
const { initScene } = setupThreeJS(containerRef.value);
scene.value = initScene();
});
return { scene };
}
响应式状态同步
使用 Pinia 管理定制配置状态，实现多组件同步：
// stores/customization.js
export const useCustomStore = defineStore('custom', {
state: () => ({
color: '#ff0000',
wheels: 'sport',
interior: 'leather'
}),
actions: {
updateColor(newColor) {
this.color = newColor;
// 触发 Three.js 材质更新
}
}
});
部署注意事项
- 使用
vite-plugin-glsl处理着色器文件 - 配置 glTF 模型压缩（Draco 压缩）
- 实现模型懒加载策略
- 添加加载进度指示器：
const loadingManager = new THREE.LoadingManager();
loadingManager.onProgress = (url, loaded, total) => {
progress.value = (loaded / total) * 100;
};
扩展功能建议
- AR 展示（通过 Three.js + WebXR）
- 截图生成分享功能
- 性能模式切换（移动端降级方案）
- 配置保存与恢复功能
- 多角度预设视角切换
BbS.okane387.info/PoSt/1121_902336.HtM
BbS.okane388.info/PoSt/1121_910420.HtM
BbS.okane390.info/PoSt/1121_870429.HtM
BbS.okane391.info/PoSt/1121_504802.HtM
BbS.okane392.info/PoSt/1121_363597.HtM
BbS.okane393.info/PoSt/1121_018161.HtM
BbS.okane394.info/PoSt/1121_656722.HtM
BbS.okane395.info/PoSt/1121_421156.HtM
BbS.okane396.info/PoSt/1121_014620.HtM
BbS.okane397.info/PoSt/1121_306806.HtM
BbS.okane387.info/PoSt/1121_626214.HtM
BbS.okane388.info/PoSt/1121_445788.HtM
BbS.okane390.info/PoSt/1121_714540.HtM
BbS.okane391.info/PoSt/1121_749755.HtM
BbS.okane392.info/PoSt/1121_039904.HtM
BbS.okane393.info/PoSt/1121_246317.HtM
BbS.okane394.info/PoSt/1121_228041.HtM
BbS.okane395.info/PoSt/1121_802509.HtM
BbS.okane396.info/PoSt/1121_105940.HtM
BbS.okane397.info/PoSt/1121_814017.HtM
BbS.okane387.info/PoSt/1121_372403.HtM
BbS.okane388.info/PoSt/1121_240241.HtM
BbS.okane390.info/PoSt/1121_248021.HtM
BbS.okane391.info/PoSt/1121_956253.HtM
BbS.okane392.info/PoSt/1121_153870.HtM
BbS.okane393.info/PoSt/1121_422680.HtM
BbS.okane394.info/PoSt/1121_571170.HtM
BbS.okane395.info/PoSt/1121_841914.HtM
BbS.okane396.info/PoSt/1121_536551.HtM
BbS.okane397.info/PoSt/1121_420704.HtM
BbS.okane387.info/PoSt/1121_951214.HtM
BbS.okane388.info/PoSt/1121_126412.HtM
BbS.okane390.info/PoSt/1121_796619.HtM
BbS.okane391.info/PoSt/1121_645097.HtM
BbS.okane392.info/PoSt/1121_104237.HtM
BbS.okane393.info/PoSt/1121_564805.HtM
BbS.okane394.info/PoSt/1121_412481.HtM
BbS.okane395.info/PoSt/1121_134741.HtM
BbS.okane396.info/PoSt/1121_595919.HtM
BbS.okane397.info/PoSt/1121_171051.HtM
BbS.okane387.info/PoSt/1121_887294.HtM
BbS.okane388.info/PoSt/1121_174498.HtM
BbS.okane390.info/PoSt/1121_667336.HtM
BbS.okane391.info/PoSt/1121_621872.HtM
BbS.okane392.info/PoSt/1121_797192.HtM
BbS.okane393.info/PoSt/1121_984934.HtM
BbS.okane394.info/PoSt/1121_129674.HtM
BbS.okane395.info/PoSt/1121_146081.HtM
BbS.okane396.info/PoSt/1121_777182.HtM
BbS.okane397.info/PoSt/1121_175930.HtM
BbS.okane387.info/PoSt/1121_537382.HtM
BbS.okane388.info/PoSt/1121_068354.HtM
BbS.okane390.info/PoSt/1121_838941.HtM
BbS.okane391.info/PoSt/1121_137546.HtM
BbS.okane392.info/PoSt/1121_267307.HtM
BbS.okane393.info/PoSt/1121_361497.HtM
BbS.okane394.info/PoSt/1121_622888.HtM
BbS.okane395.info/PoSt/1121_403351.HtM
BbS.okane396.info/PoSt/1121_792602.HtM
BbS.okane397.info/PoSt/1121_519242.HtM
BbS.okane398.info/PoSt/1121_067863.HtM
BbS.okane399.info/PoSt/1121_178192.HtM
BbS.okane400.info/PoSt/1121_740065.HtM
BbS.okane401.info/PoSt/1121_713938.HtM
BbS.okane402.info/PoSt/1121_925028.HtM
BbS.okane403.info/PoSt/1121_664617.HtM
BbS.okane404.info/PoSt/1121_458713.HtM
BbS.okane405.info/PoSt/1121_085876.HtM
BbS.okane406.info/PoSt/1121_649460.HtM
BbS.okane407.info/PoSt/1121_957898.HtM
BbS.okane398.info/PoSt/1121_598541.HtM
BbS.okane399.info/PoSt/1121_637855.HtM
BbS.okane400.info/PoSt/1121_764282.HtM
BbS.okane401.info/PoSt/1121_345492.HtM
BbS.okane402.info/PoSt/1121_545518.HtM
BbS.okane403.info/PoSt/1121_338499.HtM
BbS.okane404.info/PoSt/1121_283864.HtM
BbS.okane405.info/PoSt/1121_892468.HtM
BbS.okane406.info/PoSt/1121_052477.HtM
BbS.okane407.info/PoSt/1121_538806.HtM
