Python轻松搞定PDF处理的5大绝招

使用 Python 自动化处理 PDF 的 5 种实用方法

方法 1：提取 PDF 文本内容

PyPDF2 或 pdfplumber 库可用于提取 PDF 中的文本。PyPDF2 适用于简单文本提取，而 pdfplumber 能更好地处理复杂布局。

import PyPDF2

with open("example.pdf", "rb") as file:
    reader = PyPDF2.PdfReader(file)
    text = ""
    for page in reader.pages:
        text += page.extract_text()
    print(text)

pdfplumber 提供更精确的文本和表格提取功能：

import pdfplumber

with pdfplumber.open("example.pdf") as pdf:
    for page in pdf.pages:
        print(page.extract_text())

方法 2：合并多个 PDF 文件

PyPDF2 可以轻松合并多个 PDF 文件，适用于批量处理文档。

from PyPDF2 import PdfMerger

merger = PdfMerger()
pdf_files = ["file1.pdf", "file2.pdf"]

for pdf in pdf_files:
    merger.append(pdf)

merger.write("merged.pdf")
merger.close()

方法 3：拆分 PDF 文件

PyPDF2 支持按页面拆分 PDF，适用于提取特定部分内容。

from PyPDF2 import PdfReader, PdfWriter

reader = PdfReader("example.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

for page_num in range(5, 10):  # 提取第 5-9 页
    writer.add_page(reader.pages[page_num])

with open("split.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

方法 4：加密或解密 PDF

PyPDF2 支持为 PDF 添加密码保护或解密已加密文件。

from PyPDF2 import PdfWriter, PdfReader

writer = PdfWriter()
reader = PdfReader("example.pdf")

for page in reader.pages:
    writer.add_page(page)

writer.encrypt("password")  # 设置密码
with open("encrypted.pdf", "wb") as file:
    writer.write(file)

解密 PDF 需要提供密码：

reader = PdfReader("encrypted.pdf")
if reader.is_encrypted:
    reader.decrypt("password")  # 解密
    text = reader.pages[0].extract_text()
    print(text)

方法 5：从 PDF 提取表格数据

tabula-py 或 camelot 库专门用于提取 PDF 表格数据，适合数据分析场景。

import tabula

tables = tabula.read_pdf("data.pdf", pages="all")
for table in tables:
    print(table)  # 输出 DataFrame

camelot 提供更精确的表格提取：

import camelot

tables = camelot.read_pdf("data.pdf", flavor="stream")
tables[0].to_csv("table.csv")  # 导出为 CSV

这些方法覆盖了 PDF 处理的常见需求，可根据具体场景选择合适的工具。

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