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VSCode C++调试配置全解析

VSCode C/C++调试配置文件 `launch.json` 全字段解析

launch.json 是 Visual Studio Code 中用于配置调试行为的核心文件。以下是对其字段的详细解析，以 C/C++ 为例。

基础结构

launch.json 必须包含 version 和 configurations 字段：

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": []
}

核心调试配置字段

name

描述：调试会话的名称，显示在调试启动下拉菜单中
示例：

"name": "(gdb) Launch"

type

描述：调试器类型，C/C++ 常用 cppdbg（Windows/Linux）或 lldb（macOS）
示例：

"type": "cppdbg"

request

描述：调试启动方式：
- launch：启动新进程
- attach：附加到已有进程
示例：

"request": "launch"

program

描述：可执行文件路径（绝对路径或相对于工作区）
示例：

"program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/myapp"

路径与参数配置

args

描述：传递给程序的命令行参数
示例：

"args": ["--input", "data.txt"]

cwd

描述：程序的工作目录
示例：

"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/data"

environment

描述：环境变量设置
示例：

"environment": [
  {"name": "PATH", "value": "/usr/local/bin:${env:PATH}"}
]

调试器控制字段

MIMode

描述：指定调试器模式（gdb 或 lldb）
示例：

"MIMode": "gdb"

miDebuggerPath

描述：调试器绝对路径
示例：

"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"

stopAtEntry

描述：是否在程序入口暂停
示例：

"stopAtEntry": true

预处理配置

preLaunchTask

描述：调试前运行的任务（需在 tasks.json 中定义）
示例：

"preLaunchTask": "build-myapp"

externalConsole

描述：是否使用外部终端（Windows 下常用）
示例：

"externalConsole": false

高级调试功能

sourceFileMap

描述：源代码路径映射（用于远程调试或容器环境）
示例：

"sourceFileMap": {
  "/mnt/remote": "${workspaceFolder}"
}

setupCommands

描述：调试器初始化命令（GDB/LLDB 专用）
示例：

"setupCommands": [
  {
    "description": "Enable pretty-printing",
    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
    "ignoreFailures": true
  }
]

多进程调试配置

processId

描述：附加调试时指定进程ID（需配合 attach 请求）
示例：

"processId": "${command:pickProcess}"

条件断点配置

logging

描述：调试日志输出配置
示例：

"logging": {
  "trace": true,
  "traceResponse": true,
  "engineLogging": true
}

典型完整配置示例

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "(gdb) Launch",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/app",
      "args": ["--verbose"],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": false,
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "Enable pretty-printing",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ],
      "preLaunchTask": "build"
    }
  ]
}

变量替换参考

VSCode 支持以下预定义变量：

${workspaceFolder}：工作区根目录
${file}：当前打开文件
${env:VAR}：环境变量值
${command:...}：执行VSCode命令

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