OkHttp封装WebSocket管理模块实战

基于 OkHttp 封装 WebSocket 管理模块

在 Android 开发中，WebSocket 是一种实现实时双向通信的重要技术。OkHttp 提供了强大的 WebSocket 支持，但直接使用 OkHttp 的 WebSocket API 可能会显得繁琐。封装一个 WebSocket 管理模块可以简化开发流程，提高代码复用性。

设计目标

封装的目标是提供一个简洁易用的接口，支持以下功能：

• 连接建立与断开
• 消息发送与接收
• 自动重连机制
• 心跳检测
• 状态监听

核心实现

1. 创建 WebSocketManager 类

class WebSocketManager private constructor() {
    private var okHttpClient: OkHttpClient? = null
    private var webSocket: WebSocket? = null
    private var request: Request? = null
    private var listener: WebSocketListener? = null
    
    companion object {
        val instance by lazy { WebSocketManager() }
    }
}

2. 初始化配置

fun init(url: String, client: OkHttpClient = OkHttpClient.Builder().build()) {
    okHttpClient = client
    request = Request.Builder().url(url).build()
    listener = createWebSocketListener()
}

3. 实现 WebSocketListener

private fun createWebSocketListener(): WebSocketListener {
    return object : WebSocketListener() {
        override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
            // 连接成功处理
        }
        
        override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
            // 消息接收处理
        }
        
        override fun onClosed(webSocket: WebSocket, code: Int, reason: String) {
            // 连接关闭处理
        }
        
        override fun onFailure(webSocket: WebSocket, t: Throwable, response: Response?) {
            // 连接失败处理
        }
    }
}

功能扩展

自动重连机制

private var retryCount = 0
private const val MAX_RETRY_COUNT = 5

private fun reconnect() {
    if (retryCount < MAX_RETRY_COUNT) {
        retryCount++
        Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed({
            connect()
        }, 3000)
    }
}

心跳检测

private val heartbeatRunnable = object : Runnable {
    override fun run() {
        webSocket?.send("ping")
        handler.postDelayed(this, HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL)
    }
}

fun startHeartbeat() {
    handler.post(heartbeatRunnable)
}

fun stopHeartbeat() {
    handler.removeCallbacks(heartbeatRunnable)
}

使用示例

初始化连接

WebSocketManager.instance.init("ws://your-websocket-url")
WebSocketManager.instance.connect()

发送消息

WebSocketManager.instance.sendMessage("Hello WebSocket")

设置监听

WebSocketManager.instance.setOnMessageListener { message ->
    // 处理接收到的消息
}

最佳实践

• 在 Application 类中初始化 WebSocketManager
• 根据应用生命周期管理连接状态
• 使用单例模式确保全局唯一连接
• 添加适当的日志记录便于调试
• 考虑添加消息队列处理网络不稳定情况

性能优化

• 使用二进制消息替代文本消息减少传输量
• 实现消息压缩功能
• 添加连接池管理多个 WebSocket 连接
• 考虑使用 Protobuf 等高效序列化方案

这种封装方式显著简化了 WebSocket 的使用复杂度，使开发者可以更专注于业务逻辑实现，同时保持了足够的灵活性和可扩展性。

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