SpringBoot3+Vue3打造实时聊天室
SpringBoot3 + WebSocket + Vue3 + TypeScript 实现在线聊天室
技术栈简介
后端采用SpringBoot3集成WebSocket实现实时通信，前端使用Vue3+TypeScript构建响应式界面。该方案具有低延迟、全双工通信特性，适合需要实时交互的场景。
后端实现（SpringBoot3）
WebSocket配置类
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer {
@Override
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addHandler(new ChatHandler(), "/ws/chat")
.setAllowedOrigins("*");
}
}
消息处理器
public class ChatHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler {
private static final Set<WebSocketSession> sessions =
Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
@Override
public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) {
sessions.add(session);
}
@Override
protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session,
TextMessage message) {
for (WebSocketSession s : sessions) {
s.sendMessage(message);
}
}
}
前端实现（Vue3 + TypeScript）
WebSocket连接管理
const socket = ref<WebSocket|null>(null)
const messages = ref<Message[]>([])
const connect = () => {
socket.value = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8080/ws/chat')
socket.value.onmessage = (event) => {
messages.value.push(JSON.parse(event.data))
}
}
消息发送组件
<template>
<div>
<input v-model="inputMsg" @keyup.enter="send"/>
<button @click="send">Send</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
const inputMsg = ref('')
const send = () => {
if (socket.value?.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
socket.value.send(JSON.stringify({
content: inputMsg.value,
timestamp: new Date()
}))
inputMsg.value = ''
}
}
</script>
关键实现细节
跨域处理 SpringBoot需配置CORS：
@Bean
public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source =
new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
config.addAllowedOrigin("*");
source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", config);
return new CorsFilter(source);
}
心跳检测 前端需定时发送ping消息：
setInterval(() => {
if (socket.value?.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
socket.value.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'PING' }))
}
}, 30000)
部署注意事项
- Nginx需配置WebSocket代理：
location /ws/ {
proxy_pass http://backend;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
- 生产环境建议添加STOMP协议支持：
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketStompConfig
implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
@Override
public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
}
}
完整源码结构
chat-app/
├── backend/
│ ├── src/main/java/com/example/
│ │ ├── config/WebSocketConfig.java
│ │ ├── handler/ChatHandler.java
│ ├── pom.xml
└── frontend/
├── src/
│ ├── components/ChatWindow.vue
│ ├── composables/useWebSocket.ts
├── vite.config.ts
该实现包含基础消息收发、用户连接管理等功能模块，可根据需求扩展用户认证、消息持久化等特性。实际部署时建议结合Redis实现分布式会话管理。
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