SpringBoot+MongoDB全栈AI实战

SpringBoot + MongoDB全栈实战：从架构原理到AI集成

技术栈概述

SpringBoot作为Java生态中快速构建微服务的框架，与MongoDB的文档型数据库特性高度契合。MongoDB的灵活Schema设计适合快速迭代的全栈项目，其原生聚合管道和地理空间索引能力为AI集成提供数据基础。

架构设计原理

采用分层架构设计：表现层（REST API+Thymeleaf）、业务层（Spring Service）、数据层（MongoRepository）。MongoDB的副本集配置保证高可用性，分片集群应对大数据场景。Spring Data MongoDB通过@Document注解实现对象-文档映射（ODM），支持嵌套文档和数组类型。

@Document(collection = "products")
public class Product {
    @Id
    private String id;
    @Indexed(unique = true)
    private String sku;
    private Map<String, Object> attributes; // 动态字段
}

性能优化策略

使用MongoDB的复合索引优化查询性能，结合Spring Cache实现二级缓存。针对热点数据配置TTL索引，通过MongoTemplate实现批量写入操作。聚合框架处理复杂分析查询：

Aggregation agg = Aggregation.newAggregation(
    Aggregation.match(Criteria.where("category").is("electronics")),
    Aggregation.group("brand").count().as("total")
);

AI集成方案

向量搜索集成
利用MongoDB 7.0+的向量搜索功能，存储OpenAI生成的嵌入向量：

db.products.createIndex({
  "embedding": "vector"
}, {
  "type": "hnsw",
  "dimensions": 1536,
  "similarity": "cosine"
})

实时推荐系统
通过Change Stream监听数据变更事件，触发TensorFlow Serving的模型推理：

@Configuration
public class ChangeStreamConfig {
    @Bean
    public MessageListenerContainer changeStream(ReactiveMongoTemplate template) {
        return ReactiveChangeStreamOperation.create(template, Product.class)
            .watchCollection()
            .listen()
            .doOnNext(event -> kafkaTemplate.send("ai-events", event.getBody()))
            .subscribe();
    }
}

监控与调优

集成Spring Boot Actuator暴露MongoDB健康指标，配置@MongoAudit注解记录操作日志。使用MongoDB Atlas的性能监控工具分析慢查询，结合Grafana展示QPS和延迟指标。

安全实践

启用MongoDB的SCRAM认证和TLS加密，通过Spring Security实现基于角色的访问控制（RBAC）。敏感数据使用@Encrypted注解进行字段级加密，审计日志记录所有数据修改操作。

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