基于HarmonyOS Next的智能健康监测系统开发实战

一、项目初始化与环境搭建

1.1 创建健康监测项目

在DevEco Studio中新建项目时选择：

模板：Empty Ability
语言：ArkTS
SDK版本：HarmonyOS Next

// 项目入口文件：entry/src/main/ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts
import UIAbility from **********'
import window from **********'

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  onCreate(want, launchParam) {
    // 应用启动时初始化健康数据管理模块
    console.info('健康监测应用启动')
  }
}

1.2 配置健康权限

在module.json5中添加必要权限：

{
  "module": {
    "requestPermissions": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.HEALTH_DATA",
        "reason": "用于读取用户健康数据"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.ACTIVITY_MOTION",
        "reason": "用于监测用户运动状态"
      }
    ]
  }
}

二、核心功能模块实现

2.1 心率监测模块

// src/main/ets/components/HeartRateMonitor.ets
import sensor from **********'

@Component
export struct HeartRateMonitor {
  @State heartRate: number = 0
  private sensorId: number = -1

  aboutToAppear() {
    try {
      // 初始化心率传感器
      this.sensorId = sensor.on(sensor.SensorId.HEART_RATE, (data) => {
        this.heartRate = data.heartRate
        this.checkAbnormalRate()
      })
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`心率传感器初始化失败: ${error}`)
    }
  }

  // 心率异常检测
  private checkAbnormalRate() {
    if (this.heartRate > 120 || this.heartRate < 60) {
      this.showAlert()
    }
  }

  private showAlert() {
    // 显示心率异常警告
    AlertDialog.show({
      title: '心率异常',
      message: `当前心率${this.heartRate}次/分钟，请注意休息`,
      confirm: { value: '确定' }
    })
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      Text('当前心率')
        .fontSize(18)
        .fontColor('#333')
      
      Row() {
        Text(this.heartRate.toString())
          .fontSize(36)
          .fontColor('#FF5252')
        
        Text('次/分钟')
          .fontSize(16)
          .margin({ left: 8 })
      }
    }
  }
}

2.2 睡眠质量分析

// src/main/ets/model/SleepAnalyzer.ts
export class SleepAnalyzer {
  private static instance: SleepAnalyzer = null
  private sleepData: Array<SleepRecord> = []

  // 单例模式获取实例
  public static getInstance(): SleepAnalyzer {
    if (!SleepAnalyzer.instance) {
      SleepAnalyzer.instance = new SleepAnalyzer()
    }
    return SleepAnalyzer.instance
  }

  // 添加睡眠记录
  public addRecord(record: SleepRecord): void {
    this.sleepData.push(record)
    this.analyzeQuality()
  }

  // 分析睡眠质量
  private analyzeQuality(): void {
    const lastRecord = this.sleepData[this.sleepData.length - 1]
    const deepSleepRatio = lastRecord.deepSleepMinutes / lastRecord.totalMinutes
    
    if (deepSleepRatio < 0.2) {
      lastRecord.quality = '差'
    } else if (deepSleepRatio < 0.3) {
      lastRecord.quality = '一般'
    } else {
      lastRecord.quality = '良好'
    }
  }
}

interface SleepRecord {
  date: string
  totalMinutes: number
  deepSleepMinutes: number
  quality?: string
}

三、数据可视化实现

3.1 健康数据图表组件

// src/main/ets/components/HealthChart.ets
@Component
export struct HealthChart {
  @Param data: Array<number>
  @Param labels: Array<string>
  @Param color: string = '#1890ff'

  build() {
    Canvas(this.onDraw)
      .width('100%')
      .height(200)
  }

  private onDraw(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
    const width = ctx.width
    const height = ctx.height
    const maxValue = Math.max(...this.data)
    
    // 绘制网格线
    ctx.strokeStyle = '#eee'
    for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
      const y = height - 30 - (i * (height - 50) / 5)
      ctx.beginPath()
      ctx.moveTo(50, y)
      ctx.lineTo(width - 20, y)
      ctx.stroke()
    }

    // 绘制数据折线
    ctx.strokeStyle = this.color
    ctx.lineWidth = 2
    ctx.beginPath()
    
    this.data.forEach((value, index) => {
      const x = 50 + (index * (width - 70) / (this.data.length - 1))
      const y = height - 30 - (value / maxValue * (height - 50))
      
      if (index === 0) {
        ctx.moveTo(x, y)
      } else {
        ctx.lineTo(x, y)
      }
      
      // 绘制数据点
      ctx.fillStyle = this.color
      ctx.beginPath()
      ctx.arc(x, y, 4, 0, Math.PI * 2)
      ctx.fill()
      
      // 添加标签
      ctx.fillStyle = '#666'
      ctx.font = '12px sans-serif'
      ctx.textAlign = 'center'
      ctx.fillText(this.labels[index], x, height - 10)
    })
    
    ctx.stroke()
  }
}

四、系统集成与优化

4.1 健康数据持久化

// src/main/ets/utils/HealthDataStorage.ts
import dataPreferences from **********'

export class HealthDataStorage {
  private static PREFERENCES_NAME = 'healthDataPrefs'
  private static KEY_HEART_RATE = 'heartRateRecords'
  private static KEY_SLEEP = 'sleepRecords'

  // 保存心率数据
  public static async saveHeartRateData(records: Array<number>): Promise<void> {
    try {
      const pref = await dataPreferences.getPreferences(this.PREFERENCES_NAME)
      await pref.put(this.KEY_HEART_RATE, JSON.stringify(records))
      await pref.flush()
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('心率数据保存失败:', error)
    }
  }

  // 获取心率数据
  public static async getHeartRateData(): Promise<Array<number>> {
    try {
      const pref = await dataPreferences.getPreferences(this.PREFERENCES_NAME)
      const data = await pref.get(this.KEY_HEART_RATE, '[]')
      return JSON.parse(data)
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('心率数据读取失败:', error)
      return []
    }
  }
}

4.2 后台健康监测服务

// src/main/ets/services/BackgroundMonitor.ts
import backgroundTaskManager from **********'
import reminderAgent from **********'

export class BackgroundMonitor {
  private static delayId: number = -1

  // 启动后台监测
  public static start(): void {
    this.delayId = backgroundTaskManager.requestSuspendDelay(
      'HealthBackgroundTask',
      () => {
        this.checkHealthStatus()
      }
    )
  }

  // 检查健康状态
  private static checkHealthStatus(): void {
    // 获取最新健康数据
    const heartRate = HealthDataStorage.getHeartRateData()
    const lastRate = heartRate[heartRate.length - 1]

    if (lastRate > 100) {
      this.sendNotification('心率偏高', '您的心率持续偏高，请注意休息')
    }
  }

  // 发送健康提醒
  private static sendNotification(title: string, content: string): void {
    reminderAgent.publishReminder({
      reminderType: reminderAgent.ReminderType.REMINDER_TYPE_NOTIFICATION,
      title: title,
      content: content
    })
  }
}

五、完整应用示例

5.1 主界面实现

// src/main/ets/pages/Index.ets
import { HeartRateMonitor } from '../components/HeartRateMonitor'
import { HealthChart } from '../components/HealthChart'

@Entry
@Component
struct HealthMainPage {
  @State heartRates: Array<number> = [72, 75, 78, 76, 80]
  @State sleepData: Array<number> = [6, 7, 6.5, 7.5, 8]
  @State labels: Array<string> = ['周一', '周二', '周三', '周四', '周五']

  aboutToAppear() {
    // 初始化后台监测
    BackgroundMonitor.start()
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      // 心率监测模块
      HeartRateMonitor()
        .margin({ top: 20 })

      // 心率趋势图表
      HealthChart({
        data: this.heartRates,
        labels: this.labels,
        color: '#FF5252'
      })
      .margin({ top: 30 })

      // 睡眠质量图表
      HealthChart({
        data: this.sleepData,
        labels: this.labels,
        color: '#4CAF50'
      })
      .margin({ top: 20 })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .padding(16)
  }
}

六、测试与调试

6.1 健康数据模拟器

// src/main/ets/utils/MockHealthData.ts
export class MockHealthData {
  // 生成模拟心率数据
  public static generateHeartRates(count: number): Array<number> {
    const rates = []
    let base = 70 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10)
    
    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      rates.push(base + Math.floor(Math.random() * 8 - 4))
    }
    
    return rates
  }

  // 生成模拟睡眠数据
  public static generateSleepData(count: number): Array<number> {
    const sleeps = []
    
    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      sleeps.push(6 + Math.random() * 3)
    }
    
    return sleeps.map(v => parseFloat(v.toFixed(1)))
  }
}