及时通讯软件-测试设计

一、测试需求分析

1. IM核心功能点

2. 非功能性需求

• 实时性：消息延迟<500ms
• 可靠性：99.9%消息可达率
• 安全性：消息加密、防篡改
• 兼容性：Android/iOS多版本覆盖
• 性能：支持500+并发连接

二、自动化测试架构设计

graph TD
    A[测试用例] --> B[测试框架]
    B --> C[Appium服务集群]
    C --> D[设备池管理]
    D --> E[真机/模拟器]
    B --> F[Mock服务]
    F --> G[模拟网络异常]
    F --> H[模拟消息服务器]
    B --> I[持续集成]
    I --> J[Jenkins/GitHub Actions]
    I --> K[测试报告]

三、关键模块实现方案

1. 消息收发验证

# 使用双设备验证消息同步
def test_message_sync(device1, device2):
    # 设备1发送消息
    device1.send_text("Hello World")
    
    # 设备2验证接收
    received = device2.wait_for_message(timeout=5)
    assert received == "Hello World"
    
    # 验证消息状态
    assert device1.get_message_status() == "已送达"
    assert device2.get_unread_count() == 1

2. 实时状态监控

# 在线状态检测
def test_presence_status(device1, device2):
    device1.set_presence("在线")
    assert device2.get_contact_status(device1.user_id) == "在线"
    
    device1.background_app(10)  # 切到后台
    assert device2.get_contact_status(device1.user_id) == "离开"

四、高级测试场景设计

1. 消息时序验证

def test_message_order():
    messages = ["Msg1", "Msg2", "Msg3"]
    
    # 并发发送消息
    with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
        executor.map(device.send_text, messages)
    
    # 验证接收顺序
    received = device.get_message_history()
    assert received == messages, "消息顺序不一致"

2. 大文件传输测试

def test_large_file_transfer():
    # 生成测试文件
    test_file = generate_file(size="500MB")  
    
    # 发送验证
    device1.send_file(test_file)
    progress = device1.get_transfer_progress()
    assert progress == 100, "文件未完整发送"
    
    # 接收验证
    received_file = device2.get_received_file()
    assert file_hash(test_file) == file_hash(received_file)

五、Mock服务集成

1. 网络异常模拟

# 使用Appium网络控制
def test_offline_message(device1, device2):
    # 设备2断网
    device2.set_network_connection(0)  
    
    # 设备1发送消息
    device1.send_text("Offline Test")
    
    # 恢复网络
    device2.set_network_connection(6)
    
    # 验证消息同步
    assert device2.wait_for_message(timeout=30) == "Offline Test"

2. 服务端异常模拟

# 使用WireMock模拟服务器故障
def test_server_failure():
    with WireMockServer() as wm:
        wm.stub_for(post(url_path_equal("/send"))
            .will_return(server_error()))
        
        device.send_text("Test")
        assert device.get_error_toast() == "服务不可用"

六、持续集成方案

1. Jenkins Pipeline配置

pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Env Setup') {
            steps {
                sh 'appium --allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload'
                sh 'adb start-server'
            }
        }
        stage('Run Tests') {
            parallel {
                stage('Android') {
                    steps {
                        sh 'pytest tests/android --alluredir=report/android'
                    }
                }
                stage('iOS') {
                    steps {
                        sh 'pytest tests/ios --alluredir=report/ios'
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        always {
            allure includeProperties: false, jdk: '', results: [[path: 'report']]
        }
    }
}

2. 测试报告样例

<!-- Allure报告关键指标 -->
<div class="chart-container">
    <div class="pie-chart" data-name="消息成功率" value="99.8%"></div>
    <div class="line-chart" data-name="消息延迟" values="[200,210,195]"></div>
</div>

七、性能监控集成

1. 资源使用监控

def test_performance(device):
    start_monitor(device.udid)
    
    # 执行压力测试
    for _ in range(1000):
        device.send_text(f"Stress_{random.randint(1,100)}")
    
    stats = get_perf_stats(device.udid)
    assert stats.cpu_peak < 80, "CPU使用超标"
    assert stats.memory_peak < 500, "内存占用超标"

2. 消息延迟统计

def test_message_latency():
    send_time = time.time()
    device1.send_text("LatencyTest")
    
    device2.wait_for_message()
    receive_time = time.time()
    
    latency = (receive_time - send_time) * 1000
    record_latency(latency)
    
    assert latency < 500, f"消息延迟过高: {latency}ms"

八、最佳实践

1. 消息唯一标识追踪

def test_message_tracking():
    msg_id = generate_msg_id()
    device1.send_text("Traceable", msg_id=msg_id)
    
    assert device2.get_message(msg_id).content == "Traceable"
    assert server_log_contains(msg_id)

2. 多语言测试策略

LANGUAGES = ['en', 'zh', 'ja']

@pytest.mark.parametrize("lang", LANGUAGES)
def test_ui_localization(device, lang):
    device.set_language(lang)
    assert device.get_element_text("send_btn") == TRANSLATIONS[lang]['send']

3. 安全测试用例

def test_message_encryption():
    plain_text = "Secret123"
    device1.send_text(plain_text)
    
    # 验证网络抓包
    pcap = capture_network_traffic()
    assert plain_text not in pcap
    assert "AES-256" in pcap

九、疑难问题解决方案

1. 消息重复问题

def test_message_deduplication():
    msg_id = device1.send_text("UniqueMsg")
    device1.force_resend(msg_id)  # 模拟重复发送
    
    received = device2.get_messages_by_content("UniqueMsg")
    assert len(received) == 1, "消息重复接收"

2. 时间敏感测试

def test_typing_indicator():
    device1.start_typing()
    assert device2.wait_for_element("typing_indicator", timeout=1)
    
    device1.stop_typing()
    assert device2.wait_for_element_gone("typing_indicator", timeout=3)

十、测试框架扩展

1. 自定义Appium命令

# 扩展消息状态查询
def get_message_status(self, msg_id):
    return self.execute_script('mobile:getMessageStatus', {'msgId': msg_id})

# 注册到Appium Driver
webdriver.Remote.add_command(
    'getMessageStatus', 
    ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/get_message_status')
)

2. 智能等待策略

def wait_for_message(self, timeout=30):
    return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout).until(
        lambda d: d.find_message() or False
    )

通过以上方案设计，可以实现：

• 90%+核心功能覆盖率
• 跨平台测试代码复用率80%+
• 异常场景100%覆盖
• 性能基线持续监控
• 7×24小时无人值守测试