题解 | #毕业旅行问题#
毕业旅行问题
https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/3d1adf0f16474c90b27a9954b71d125d
import java.util.*; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); int n = sc.nextInt(); int[][] map = new int[n][n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { map[i][j] = sc.nextInt(); } } int min = minTsp(map, n); System.out.println(min); } // drd notes: 城市不大于20个, 故可以用int的低20位来保存状态! public static int minTsp(int[][] map, int n) { int stateCount = (int) Math.pow(2, n - 1); int[][] dp = new int[n][stateCount]; map[0][0] = Integer.MAX_VALUE; for (int city = 0; city < n; city++) { dp[city][0] = map[city][0]; } for (int state = 1; state < stateCount; state++) { for (int city = 0; city < n; city++) { // 从city出发,经过state状态的城市集合,最终到达0城市,最小花费dp[city][state] dp[city][state] = Integer.MAX_VALUE; // 假如state包含城市city,不应该存在这种情况,故默认最大值即可 if (city != 0 && hasVisited(state, city)) { continue; } // 比如city包含4个城市,就拆为4个小问题,每个小问题包含3个城市 for (int subCity = 1; subCity < n; subCity++) { if (hasVisited(state, subCity)) { int subState = 1 << (subCity - 1); // 排除cityId后state subState ^= state; dp[city][state] = Math.min(dp[city][state], map[city][subCity] + dp[subCity][subState]); } } } } return dp[0][dp[0].length - 1]; } private static boolean hasVisited(int cities, int city) { return (cities >> city - 1 & 1) == 1; } }
1.重点是状态state的理解,比如state=10,则state=1010,即中间经过第2、第4 两座城市。这是因为城市小于等于20,并且1个城市默认是终点和起点(我们这里假设城市0是起点和终点),故可以用int的第19位表示 城市1到城市19是否旅行过
2.dp[0][1111...1111]表示从城市0出发,经过了其他(n-1)个城市,再到城市0的最小花费
3.动态规划要从state不断递增
时间复杂度:O(2^(n-1) * n * n) = O(n^2 * 2^n)
空间复杂度:O(2^n)